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demography
scientific study of population characteristics
distribution
arrangement of locations of objects in space
population density
number of people living on a given area of land
overpopulation
number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of environment to support it at a decent standard of living
arithmetic density
total number of objects in a given area
major population concentrations
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia
ecumene
portion of Earth's surface with permanent human settlements
arable land
land suited or good for agriculture
physiological density
total number of people supported by an area of arable land
agricultural density
ratio of the number of farmers compared to the amount of arable land
crude birth rate (CBR)
total number of live births per thousand people in a year
crude death rate (CDR)
total number of deaths per thousand people in a year
natural increase rate (AKA rate of natural increase)
percentage by which a population grows in a year not including migration
total fertility rate (TFR)
average number of children a woman will have between ages 15 and 49
life expectancy
average number of years a person is expected to live, lower in LDCs and higher in MDCs
infant mortality rate
percent of children under one year of age who die
dependents
people unable to work either under the age of 14 or over the age of 65
dependency ratio
ratio of number of people able to work compared to the number of dependents
sex ratio
number of males per 100 females
doubling time
number of years needed to double the size of the population with a constant natural increase rate
carrying capacity
number of people that can be supported by an area's resources; ability of an area's resources to support a population
