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Fossil
This is ANY trace of an animal or plant that lived long ago.
Gradual replacement
Things like teeth shells and bones don't decay easily and so eventually this happens.
Casts and Impressions
These can occur when an organism is buried in a soft material or leavs a foot print etc.
Preservation
This happens when no decay occurs, this is because the conditions are not suitable for microbes to work.
Rock Layers
Fossils found in this can tell us three things, what the organism looked like, how long ago they lived and how they evolved.
Fossil Record
The chronological collection of life's remains in rock layers.
Pentadactyl Limb
A limb with five didgets.
Similarity in Bone Structure
This is why the pentadactyl limb provides evidence for evolution.