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language family
collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor from long before recorded history.
standard language
language used by most in every day interactions and public communication.
official language
language established by law as the primary language for communication within a country (especially in government and education).
dialect
regional variation of a language distinguished by pronunciation, spelling, or vocabulary.
Isogloss
boundary line that separates regions where different languages or dialects are used.
creole language
results from mixing the language of a colonizer with an indigenous language.
pidgin
impromptu form of speaking using simple vocabulary and spelling so that two people of different native languages can communicate with one another.
lingua franca
common language used between two people with different native languages, typically for trade purposes.
Indo-European
language family with largest number of speakers that includes languages found in Europe, Iran, and northern India
Sino-Tibetan
language family with second largest number of speakers, includes Mandarin Chinese
indigenous
native or original to an area.
colonialism
the practice of settling on another territory, often for exploitation of resources or labor
imperialism
influencing other countries through direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance
syncretism
the blending of two or more cultures.
taboo
restriction against a certain behavior because of social customs.
