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Indictment
A formal written statement that charges a person with an offense.
Insider trading
The illegal use of inside information in financial trading.
Larceny
Unlawful theft of personal property.
Mens rea
Level of intent that forms an element of a criminal offense.
Miranda warning
The warning advising an arrestee of of the right to remain silent, the right to have an attorney, and the right to have an attorney appointed required before police interrogation.
Misdemeanor
A crime punishable by a fine or imprisonment not to exceed one year and not served in a penitentiary.
Money laundering
Engaging in financial transactions to conceal the source or destination of illegally gained funds.
Plea bargaining
The negotiation of an agreement whereby a criminal defendant pleads guilty in exchange for more lenient treatment.
Privilege against self-incrimination
A privilege under the Fifth Amendment protecting a person from being compelled to make statements that will be used as evidence against himself or herself.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
A U.S. federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization.
Responsible corporate officer
Doctrine that allows a court to impose criminal liability on a corporate officer who participated in, directed, or knew of a criminal violation.
Robbery
Unlawful theft of personal property or money by violence or threat of violence.
Self-defense
Affirmative defense that the defendant used necessary force because of a reasonable belief that death or grievous bodily injury was imminent.
Standard of proof
The level of certainty and the degree of evidence necessary to establish proof in a court proceeding.
